Abstract: The distinction between consequentialism and deontology marks a fundamental divide in ethical theory, with “the good” and “the right” serving as their respective moral claims. Utilitarian ethics in international relations, guided by consequentialist principles, emphasizes peace, security, and the economic development of nations. The publication of John Rawls A Theory of Justice signals a deontological turn in ethics. In the field of international relations, deontological ethics manifests in the theories of “rights”, particularly those of “human rights”. However, Kantian deontologists argue that rightsbased ethics face significant theoretical and practical limitations. With the advancement of globalization, they contend that “obligations” should become a universal virtue beyond traditional national boundaries. While utility, rights, and obligations all represent legitimate moral claims in human ethical life, each carries its own strengths and weaknesses. The vision of a community with a shared future for mankind, anchored in the Global Development Initiative, Global Security Initiative, and Global Civilization Initiative, embodies the unity of “the good” and “the right”, offering a Chinese solution to harmonizing ethical values in global governance.

Key words: consequentialism, deontology, utility, rights, obligations, a community with a shared future for mankind

摘要： 结果论与道义论是伦理学科两大流派的基本分野，“善”与“正当”分别是各自的道德评判标准。以结果为导向的功利主义国际关系伦理强调和平、安全与各国经济的发展。罗尔斯《正义论》的发表标志着伦理学的道义论转向。在国际关系领域，道义论伦理学表现为“权利”尤其是“人权”理论的兴起。然而，秉承康德哲学的义务论者指出，权利伦理无论在学理和现实层面都有明显的局限；随着全球化进程的发展，“义务”应该成为超越传统国家界限的一种美德。虽说功利、权利和义务皆为人类道德生活的合理诉求，但它们各有自己的利弊得失。人类命运共同体构想以全球安全、发展和文明三大倡议为支柱，体现了“善”与“正当”的统一。

关键词: 结果论, 道义论, 功利, 权利, 义务, 人类命运共同体