Abstract: Since the beginning of the 21st century, amid intensified global expansion of financial monopoly capital and escalating contradictions and conflicts inherent to capitalism, the Western radical left has proposed to reconstruct the concept of communism, with Slavoj iek and Alain Badiou emerging as influential figures. iek argues for the inevitability of redefining the concept of communism from the perspective of “antagonism” embedded within capitalism. Badiou, through his propositions of the “communist hypothesis” and “idea of communism”, outlines a foundational pathway for revitalizing communism. However, iek critiques Badiou for viewing communism as a normative concept in the Kantian sense which is divorced from all material economic content, ultimately relegating it to “ethical socialism”, a framework fundamentally distinct from Marxs theory of communism.

Key words: Western radical left, idea of communism, Slavoj ?i?ek, Alain Badiou

摘要： 新世纪以来，面对社会的激烈变革加速推进垄断资本在世界范围内扩张，资本主义的矛盾与冲突愈演愈烈，西方左翼激进主义呈现出向共产主义复归的新动向，其中齐泽克与巴迪欧的讨论产生了重要影响。前者从资本主义所内含的“对抗性”视角出发揭示了重构共产主义观念的必然性，后者通过提出“共产主义假设”与“共产主义理念”展现了重构共产主义的基本路径。但由于撇开一切经济的内涵，并把共产主义理解为康德意义上的范导性观念，齐泽克认为巴迪欧最终退回到了“伦理社会主义”，从而与马克思的共产主义叙事具有本质性差别。

关键词: 西方激进左翼, 共产主义观念, 齐泽克, 巴迪欧