Abstract: “Respecting the principal status of deputies” is a fundamental requirement for upholding and improving the system of Peoples Congresses, and “respecting the will of deputies” serves as a concrete manifestation of this principle. The majority voting rule adopted in the voting procedures of Peoples Congresses is closely related to “respecting the will of deputies”. Some scholars and practitioners argue that the absolute majority voting rule, commonly used by Peoples Congresses and their standing committees at all levels, has defects such as “allowing the majority of actual voters to submit to the minority” and “counting all absent and abstaining votes as opposing votes”. They therefore propose replacing the voting rule for certain matters with a simple majority rule to avoid these defects. A reasonable interpretation of these criticisms and suggestions is that the aforementioned defects of the absolute majority voting rule prevent it from adequately respecting the will of deputies. However, based on clarifying which form of “subordination of the minority to the majority” can best respect the will of deputies, and through a comparative analysis of the absolute majority and simple majority voting rules in both “approving a resolution” and “rejecting a resolution”, it becomes evident that the absolute majority rule actually better safeguards the respect for the will of deputies. Thus, the reason for changing the voting rules in Peoples Congresses to the simple majority voting rule is insufficient.

摘要： “尊重代表主体地位”是坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的一项基本要求，“尊重代表意愿”则是这一要求的一个具体体现。人大的表决程序所采取的多数决规则与“尊重代表意愿”有着密切的关系。有学者及实务工作者认为各级人大及其常委会所普遍采用的绝对多数决存在“允许实际投票者中的多数服从少数”，以及“会将所有缺席和弃权者计为反对票”的缺陷，因而建议至少应将某些事项的表决规则改为简单多数决以避免这些缺陷。对于这些批评的合理阐释就是认为绝对多数决的上述缺陷会导致其无法很好地尊重代表的意愿。但在阐明何种“少数服从多数”能够最好地尊重代表意愿的基础上，对于绝对多数决和简单多数决在“通过决议”与“否决决议”两种情况下的比较说明，绝对多数决其实能够更好地实现对于代表意愿的尊重。因而，建议将人大表决规则改为简单多数决的理由是不充分的。