Abstract: The idea of “social relations” is deeply and theoretically embedded in historical materialism. In the classic text of The German Ideology, the idea of “social relations” is clearly presented. At the level of theoretical paradigms, the three paradigms of real men, material production activity and social activity jointly constitute the core support base of Marx and Engels conception of social relations. From the perspective of arguments and expressions, the three important statements of “a certain mode of production”, “communal activity of individuals” and “ an historically created relation of individuals to one another” are the classic expressions of the idea of social relations. Marx and Engels idea of on social relations have deep connotations such as being critical, communal, and methodical.

Key words: Marx Engels, The German Ideology, social relations, real men, material life, social activity

摘要： “社会关系”思想是唯物史观的深层理论内容。在《德意志意识形态》这一经典文本中，“社会关系”思想清晰呈现出来。在理论范式层面，现实的人、物质生活的生产和交往活动等三大范式，共同架构起马克思恩格斯社会关系思想的核心内容。在判断表达层面，“以一定的方式进行的生产活动”“许多个人共同的活动”和“个人之间历史地形成的关系”等三个重要判断是对社会关系思想的经典表达。马克思恩格斯的社会关系思想中存在着批判性、公共性和方法性等深层意蕴。

关键词: 马克思恩格斯, 《德意志意识形态》, 社会关系, 现实的人, 物质生活, 交往活动