Abstract: The productive forces are the most active factor in promoting social progress, and releasing and developing the productive forces is the basic task in building socialism. The new quality productive forces are advanced productive forces that fully integrate technological innovation and existing industrial foundation to promote the improvement of governance of productive factors and the efficiency of resource allocation. To construct an index system for new qualitative productive forces with the particular features of the times and Chinese characteristics, it is necessary not only to understand its theoretical connotation from the “annotation” of the root and soul and the value orientation of development from the “calling” of the times and missions, but also to clarify the basic principles of constructing the index system through the realistic response to the questions of “how is it possible” and “how can it be done”, and more importantly, to grasp the exploration process of the Chinese path to modernization towards a high degree of unity of fairness and efficiency. In the face of the fourth technological revolution and the new journey towards a modern socialist country, accelerating the construction of the index system for new quality productive forces in the context of entering the new stage of development, implementing the new development concept and building the new development paradigm provides theoretical and practical basis for cultivating new quality productive forces, and also points out the direction for achieving historic and systemic transformations in building a great modern country.

Key words: new quality productive forces, evaluation index system, formation logic, development path

摘要： 生产力是推动社会进步最活跃的要素，解放和发展生产力是社会主义的根本任务。新质生产力是通过充分整合科技创新和现有产业基础，推动提升要素治理和资源配置效率的先进生产力。构建具有时代特征和中国特色的新质生产力指标体系，既要从根脉与魂脉的“注解”中理解其理论内涵，又要从时代与使命的“召唤”中透视发展的价值指向，还要从“何以可能”与“何以可为”之问的现实回应中明晰构建指标体系的基本原则，更要把握走向公平与效率高度统一的中国式现代化探索历程。面临第四次科技革命浪潮和迈向社会主义现代化强国新征程，在立足新发展阶段、贯彻新发展理念、构建新发展格局中加快构建新质生产力的指标体系，为培育新质生产力的理论与实践提供一定的启发，也为实现现代化强国的历史性变革和系统性重塑指明方向。

关键词: 新质生产力, 评价指标体系, 形成逻辑, 发展路径