Abstract: Entering the era of digital capitalism, the logic of capital based on private ownership and digital technology have rapidly been integrated, and the means of capital proliferation have changed from “labor” being purchased in the physical market to “attention” being “recruited” on virtual platforms, which have resulted in  the attention crisis of “depth”, “breadth” and “validity” faced by the subjects. From the perspective of historical materialism, we must fully recognize the historical trend of the transformation of digital capitalism from attention competition to attention monopoly driven by the logic of capital, and deeply understand that the solution to the crisis requires looking through the internal contradictions in the exploitation system with attention as the core, and grasping the revolutionary nature of the proletariat that will inevitably be formed thereafter. In order to develop the digital economy in contemporary China, we must draw inspiration from the critique of digital capitalism, adhere to the peoplecentered development philosophy, activate the “depth” and “breadth” of the subjects attention through platforms content innovation and algorithm recommendation optimization, and ultimately promote their “freedom of attention” in the construction of a digital China.

Key words: attention, digital capitalism, historical materialism, digital China

摘要： 迈入数字资本主义时代，基于私有制的资本逻辑与数字技术迅速“联姻”，资本增殖手段从“劳动力”在实体市场被购买转变为“注意力”在虚拟平台被“招募”，使主体注意力面临着“深度”“广度”“效度”的三重危机。从历史唯物主义视角透视危机，要充分洞察在资本逻辑驱动下，数字资本主义从注意力竞争到注意力垄断嬗变的历史趋势，并深刻认识危机的破除需从以注意力为核心的剥削体系中透视内在矛盾，并把握随之必然形成的无产者的革命性。当代中国发展数字经济必须从数字资本主义批判中得到启示，要坚持以人民为中心的发展原则，以平台内容创新、算法推荐优化激活主体注意力的“深度”与“广度”，最终在“数字中国”建设中推进主体“注意力自由”。

关键词: 注意力, 数字资本主义, 历史唯物主义, 数字中国