Abstract: The discussion on the issue of practical rationality condenses all the theoretical nodes of practical philosophy, and what exactly is “practical rationality” is a prerequisite question that must first be clarified. Rationality used in practice includes two basic levels: scientific rationality and value rationality, among which value rationality is of primary importance. Practical rationality refers to the value rationality. The basic difference between practical rationality and scientific rationality is that the former involves establishing eternal, absolute, ultimately significant and ingrained value concepts in rational thinking as the universal principle and ultimate basis for guiding practical activities, through which evaluations and arguments on the rationality or legality of practical activities can be made. This value presupposition of practical rationality does not come from the induction, generalization, and abstraction of the empirical world, but from the pure rationality of man. The function of the value presupposition of practical rationality is to construct and criticize. The critical nature of Marxs practical philosophy is also based on the presupposition of the nature of human freedom, and the loss of this value presupposition will dissolve the critical nature of Marxs practical philosophy. The ideological root of the global risks or crises in the contemporary world lies in the dilution or marginalization of practical rationality, and the common values of humanity put forward by the Chinese Communists and the concept of “building a community with a shared future for mankind” on the basis are the right way to break out of the global crises.

Key words: practical rationality, presupposition, Marxs practical philosophy, global crisis

摘要： 关于实践理性问题的讨论凝聚了实践哲学的全部理论节点，而究竟什么是“实践理性”则是首先必须弄清的一个前提性问题。用于实践的理性包含科学理性和价值理性两个基本层面，其中价值理性具有第一位的重要性。实践理性就是指这种价值理性。实践理性与科学理性的基本区别就在于它必须在理性思维中确立具有永恒的、绝对的、终极性意义的、不可动摇的价值理念，作为引导实践活动的普遍原则和终极依据，并能够对实践活动本身的合理性或合法性做出价值评价和论证。实践理性的这种价值预设不是来自对经验世界的归纳、概括、抽象，而是来自人的纯粹理性的设定。实践理性价值预设的作用在于构建和批判。马克思实践哲学的批判性也是以人的自由本质这个前提预设为根据的，失去这个价值预设就会消解马克思实践哲学的批判性。当代世界的全球性风险或危机的思想根源就在于实践理性被淡化或边缘化，中国共产党人提出的人类共同价值以及以这个共同价值为根据的“构建人类命运共同体”的理念是摆脱全球危机的正确途径。

关键词: 实践理性, 前提预设, 马克思实践哲学, 全球危机