Abstract: Kant's philosophy of history, due to its dualistic stance, has never been able to overcome the contradictions between historical inevitability and human freedom, the nonsocial and social nature of human beings, and civil constitutionalism and human morality. The ontological revolution embodied in Marxs concept of activity or practice not only opens up a new perspective on the nature of the world, but also bridges the logical gap between phenomenon and ontology, nature and freedom, and sensibility and rationality. Marxs philosophical thinking not only brings a comprehensive ontological focus to the triple contradictions in Kants philosophy of history, but also makes authentic historical materialist responses to the unity of historical laws and humans free behavior, emotional pursuit and moral progress, and external legal rights and social historical development.

Key words: Marx, Kant, philosophy of history, ontology

摘要： 康德的历史哲学因其所拘囿的二元论立场，始终无法克服历史的必然与人的自由、人的非社会性与社会性、公民宪政与人的道德趋归之间所存在的矛盾。马克思对象性活动或实践概念所凸显的本体论革命，既开启了哲学对世界本质探求的全新视角，又弥合了康德哲学在现象与本体、自然与自由、感性与理性之间所规设的逻辑鸿沟。马克思的哲学致思不仅使康德历史哲学所内蕴的三重矛盾得到了彻底的本体论聚焦，而且使历史规律与人的自由活动、感性追求与道德进步、外在法权与社会历史发展的统一获致了本真的历史唯物主义应答。

关键词: 马克思, 康德, 历史哲学, 本体论