Abstract: As an important part of Marx's philosophical thought, dialectic is often confined to the definition and understanding of “formal methods”. In his early writings, Marx completed his critique of Hegels dialectic and old metaphysics, indicating the revolutionary transformation and paradigm shift of the “upsidedown” dialectic, and the reconstruction of the sensuous reality of dialectic on the path of survivalism. This allows dialectic to break through the closure and abstraction of the selfmovement of the spiritual subject and gradually reveal its true essence: it is not an abstract movement process or external formal method of absolute spirit, but the free unfolding of real people and the activities of their personal life, which are externalized as real historical life.

Key words: self-denial, dialectic, sensuous activities, real historical life

摘要： 作为通达马克思哲学思想的重要一环，辩证法常常囿于“形式方法”的定义和理解之中。在早期著述里，马克思完成了对黑格尔思辨辩证法和旧形而上学的批判，同时也意味着对这种“头脚倒置”了的辩证法的革命性改造和范式转换，在生存论的路径上重新建构起了辩证法的感性现实性。这使得辩证法突破了精神主体之自我运动所具有的封闭性与抽象性而逐渐使其本真蕴意得以敞显：它并非绝对精神的抽象运动过程或外在的形式方法，而是现实的人及其生命活动的自在展开，并且外显为现实历史生活。

关键词: 自否定, 辩证法, 感性活动, 现实历史