Abstract: At present, the employment conditions of delivery workers in the platform economy do not meet the requirements of “achieving more sufficient employment of higher quality” proposed in the report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. According to Marx's surplus value theory and ideas on wage labor, the reasons why delivery workers fall into relative poverty can be summarized as follows: the substantial subordination of delivery workers to delivery platform enterprises, the autocratic management of delivery platform enterprises to delivery workers, and the reverse change of labor efficiency and piece rate wage of the delivery workers. This analysis framework also provides theoretical support for clarifying the employment relationship between delivery platform enterprises and delivery workers. However, in reality, delivery platform enterprises deliberately blur the identity of delivery workers as wage laborers, in which the normalization of overwork, “rationalization” of labor risks, and mobility of labor conflicts become the new features of delivery workers. Therefore, the key to employment governance of delivery platform enterprises is to make clear the employment relationship between delivery platform enterprises and delivery workers. On this basis, it is also necessary to improve the matching degree between labor intensity and wages, strengthen occupational safety protection, and improve the conflict resolution mechanism, so as to promote the internal unity of the highquality development of delivery platform enterprises and the high-quality employment of delivery workers.

Key words: platform enterprises, delivery workers, employment, common prosperity

摘要： 当前平台经济中配送工人的劳动状况，不符合党的二十大报告提出的“促进高质量充分就业”新要求。根据马克思的剩余价值理论和雇佣劳动理论，配送工人陷入相对贫困的原因可归结为：配送工人对配送平台企业的实质从属、配送平台企业对配送工人的专制管理、配送工人的劳动效率与计件工资的反向变化。这一分析框架同时为确认配送平台企业和配送工人之间的雇佣关系提供了理论支撑。但在现实中，配送平台企业凭借资本和数字技术上的优势故意模糊配送工人的雇佣劳动者身份，使得配送工人呈现出劳动过度常态化、劳动风险“合理”化、劳动冲突流动化的新特点。因此，配送平台企业用工治理的关键在于确认配送平台企业和配送工人之间的雇佣劳动关系、提高劳动强度与工资的匹配度、加强职业安全保护、完善冲突化解机制，以推动配送平台企业高质量发展和配送工人高质量就业的内在统一。

关键词: 平台经济, 配送工人, 雇佣劳动, 共同富裕