Abstract: Moishe Postone opposes abstract universalism of modernism on the one hand, and postmodernism that excessively pursue concrete particularity on the other. He devotes himself to breaking the dualism of abstract universalism and concrete particularity, understanding them in a specific social and historical context, highlighting historical specificity based on immanent critique, and constructing a critical theory with selfreflexivity. Postone analyzes modern antiSemitism through the methodology of historical specificity. He treats antiSemitism as “fetishized anticapitalism”. The historically specific methodological perspective and the critical theory adhere to the sociohistorical method and immanent critique of Marxism to some extent, but do not yet reach the level of “concrete totality” that Marx presents, through which it is still difficult to conceal the inherent contradictions of capitalism.

Key words: Moishe Postone, historical specificity, abstract universalism, concrete particularity

摘要： 普殊同既反对现代性的抽象普遍主义，也反对过于追求具体特殊性的后现代主义。他致力于突破抽象普遍性与具体特殊性的二元对立框架，将其置于特定的社会历史语境中加以理解，凸显一种基于内在批判的历史特殊性，并建构一种具有自反性的社会批判理论。普殊同在历史特殊性的方法论前提下研究现代反犹主义，将其指认为“拜物教化的反资本主义”。这种历史特殊性的方法论视角及批判理论在一定程度上坚持了马克思主义的社会历史性原则与内在批判精神，但从根本上说未能达到马克思所说的“具体总体”的理论层面，因而仍然无法把握资本主义的内在矛盾本质。

关键词: 莫伊舍·普殊同, 历史特殊性, 抽象普遍性, 具体特殊性