Abstract: On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of its publication, “On the Significance of Militant Materialism” is rerevisited in this paper, not only because it is the most famous philosophical work in the late Lenin period, but also due to its ideological value and methodological significance it embodies that are still realistic today. In order to demonstrate the philosophical thought and value of the text itself in the new era, we need to pay attention to several issues in the process of interpretation: first, the new theoretical value should be explored from the investigation of the relevant background and the cleaning up campaign in academic history; second, that Lenin elaborated the principles and ideological standards that Marxists should follow in future works from the dual paths of philosophy and social practice should be highlighted; finally, combined with characteristics of the times, the theoretical significance and methodological enlightenment of Lenins “two alliance” theory for China's socialist modernization should be fully demonstrated.
 

Key words: materialism, natural science, dual paths, “two alliances”

摘要： 在《论战斗唯物主义的意义》发表100周年的契机下对其进行再研究，不仅因为它是列宁晚期最著名的哲学著作，还因为它所体现的思想价值和方法论意义在当下仍具有现实性。新时代为彰显文本本身的哲学思想和价值，我们需要在解读过程中注意几点问题:首先，从相关背景的考察与学术史的清理中看到新的理论价值；其次，突显列宁从哲学和社会实践双重路径完成了对马克思主义者未来工作应遵循的原则和坚守的思想标准；最后，结合时代彰显列宁“两个结盟”思想对我国社会主义现代化建设所具有的理论意义和方法论启示。

关键词: 唯物主义, 自然科学, 双重路径, 两个结盟