Abstract: Marx's questioning of human nature finally settles on social relations. How do social relations come into being? Starting from material production, historical materialism objectively reveals the social nature of human beings, and presents a triple extension from individual subject to national subject, from direct life to all life, and from the existence outside consciousness to the existence of consciousness. To deepen the understanding of social relations with production relations, “the sum total of these relations of production constitute the economic structure of society”, which fundamentally determines people's social relations and human nature. Based on a series of concepts such as material production, social relations, production relations, and economic structure, historical materialism has discovered the development law of human social history. 

Key words: social relations, human nature, material production, economic structure, social form 

摘要： 马克思对人的本质的追问最终落脚到社会关系上。社会关系是如何生成的？唯物史观从物质生产出发，客观揭示了人的社会性，并呈现出从个人主体到国家主体、从直接生活到全部生活、从意识外的存在到意识界的存在的三重延伸。以生产关系深化对社会关系的理解，“生产关系的总和构成社会的经济结构”，这从根本上决定了人们的社会关系和人的本质。基于物质生产、社会关系、生产关系、经济结构等一系列概念，唯物史观发现了人类社会历史的发展规律。

关键词: 社会关系, 人的本质, 物质生产, 经济结构, 社会形态