Abstract: Aiming at the survival dilemma of “possessive individuals” in modern society, that is, the paradox of individual “selfloss” and the “anomie” situation of modern society, thinkers based on the perspective of “relational subject”, reflected on the ethicalpolitical level. Transcendence, but their plan did not really touch and change the state of existence of people in capitalist society. In contrast, from the unique perspective of ownership relations, Marx examined the characteristics and living conditions of modern individuals, proposed to rebuild individual ownership, and shape new individual lifestyles through the establishment of new methods of possession, there by reflecting and transcending modern assets. The survival dilemma of possessive individuals in class society provides a unique path.

Key words: “possessive individual”, “relational subject”, reconstruction of personal ownership, mode of possession, lifestyle

摘要： “占有式个体”是现代资产阶级社会政治经济理论和实践的前提，因而是理解现代社会秘密的关键。在现代社会中，人被塑造为“占有式个体”而常处于“自我丧失”和“失范”状况之中。思想家们基于“关系性主体”的视角，从伦理—政治层面进行了反思与超越，但他们的方案未能真正触及和改变资本主义社会中人的存在状态。与之不同，马克思从所有制关系的独特视角出发，对现代个体特性和生存境况进行了考察，提出“重建个人所有制”思想，通过建立新的占有方式来塑造新的个体生活方式，从而为反思和超越现代资产阶级社会“占有式个体”的生存困境提供了独特的路径。“重建个体性”构成马克思“重建个人所有制”思想独特的问题意识和理论旨趣。正是在此意义上，马克思“重建个人所有制”思想的当代意义得以彰显。

关键词: “占有式个体”；“关系性主体”；重建个人所有制；占有方式；生活方式  ,