Abstract: Criticism and construction are the typical characteristics of Marx's thought. To grasp the original appearance and transcendence of Marxs thought comprehensively and accurately, and get the enlightenment of methodology from it, we need to understand the theory or ideological reference system of his critical object. In the face of communism and social revolution, Marx and Proudonism launched a fierce ideological confrontation around the origin and basic principles of communism, the review of the history of communism, the feasibility and realization of communism, and the criteria for communism to judge social revolution. In this process, Marx and Proudonism launched a fierce ideological confrontation, and in the process confirmed and enriched their own views. Taking this as a mirror, we should appeal to the profundity and thoroughness of the theory in the debate with the wrong ideological trend. Only in this way can the theory really grasp the masses and become the material force of social revolution.

Key words: communism, social revolution, ideological confrontation, contemporary enlightenment

摘要： 批判与建构是马克思思想的典型特质。全面准确地把握马克思的思想原貌及其超越性，从中得到方法论意义的启示，须通过对他的批判对象的理论或思想参照系的理解。面对共产主义和社会革命这一重大时代问题，围绕共产主义的起源和基本原则、共产主义学说史的梳理考察、共产主义的可行性与实现途径、共产主义评判社会革命的标准，马克思与蒲鲁东主义展开了激烈的思想交锋，并在这个过程中证实和丰富了自己的观点。以此为镜鉴，在同错误思潮的论战中应当诉诸理论的深邃性和彻底性，唯此才能使理论真正掌握群众而成为社会革命的物质力量。

关键词: 共产主义, 社会革命, 思想交锋, 当代启示