Abstract: While it is recognized that laws exist in the ideological and political education, “what are the laws” remains a broad and vague question. This question at least contains some subquestions such as “is there one or more than one law” and “if there is more than one law, what is the relationship between different laws”. To explicitly understand and answer the questions of laws in the ideological and political education, it is necessary to introduce the ideas of types and levels. The types and levels of such laws are determined by their inner contradictions. There are universal contradictions and particular contradictions. Universal contradictions determine the basic nature of a thing, while particular contradictions determine the particular nature of a thing. The basic laws in the ideological and political education reflect the evolution of universal contradictions as basic contradictions, and the particular laws reflect the evolution of its particular contradictions. The particular contradictions in the ideological and political education also have different types and levels. The differentiation of types and levels can help us get an accurate understanding of the laws in the ideological and political education from a structural perspective, and more importantly, can facilitate the scientification of the research of basic theories at a logical level.

Key words: ideological and political education, law, contradiction, type, level

摘要： 在承认思想政治教育有规律的前提下，回答思想政治教育的规律是什么，仍是一个笼统而含混的问题。其中，至少包含了“思想政治教育有一个规律还是多个规律”、“若是多个规律，不同规律之间是什么关系”等诸多问题。清晰地认识与解答思想政治教育规律问题应该引入类型和层级的思想方法。思想政治教育规律的类型和层级由其内在矛盾决定。矛盾有普遍性和特殊性之分。普遍矛盾决定了事物的基本性质；特殊性矛盾决定着事物的特殊性质。思想政治教育的基本规律是其含有基本矛盾性质的普遍矛盾的变化发展的体现，思想政治教育的特殊规律是其特殊矛盾的变化发展的体现。思想政治教育的特殊矛盾也有类型和层级之分，其特殊规律也相应地有类型和层级。对思想政治教育规律进行类型和层级的区分和把握，不仅有利于我们在结构维度准确理解思想政治教育的规律图景，更有助于我们在逻辑层面推进思想政治教育基础理论研究的科学化。

关键词: 思想政治教育, 规律, 矛盾, 类型, 层级