Abstract: The relationship between Marx and Smith is a key to understand Marxs critique of political economy. The development from The German Ideology to Capital is in a sense a break from the closeness to Smith to thereupon examine the inner contradictions in classical economics. In The German Ideology, Marx explicitly discusses the evolution from the feudal to the capitalist society in a way similar to that of Smith, thereby establishing his first theoretical paradigm about the source and nature of capitalism. While in works such as The Poverty of Philosophy, Economic Manuscripts of 18571858, and Capital, Marx gradually reveals the structuration of the form of capital, and finally goes beyond Smith's “commercialization” theory. It has to be made clear that this process is not a research development from the logic of labor division in a general sense to the capitalist society, as usually understood. Instead, it is a real historical horizon that Marx put forword based on his understanding of the special nature of capitalism. It is only when this change is completed that Marx gets real insights about the “false” nature of the capitalist economic reality and the teleological feature of classical economics.

Key words: Smithian phase, commercialization, capital logic

摘要： 马克思与斯密的关系是理解马克思政治经济学批判的钥匙。在一定意义上，从《德意志意识形态》到《资本论》的发展过程，就是马克思打破“近斯密性”，进而透视古典经济学之内在矛盾的过程。在《形态》中，马克思以一种接近斯密的方式明确论述了封建社会向资本主义社会的过渡进程，形成了他思考资本主义起源和本质的第一个理论范式。而在《哲学的贫困》《1857—1858年经济学手稿》《资本论》等著作中，马克思逐步揭示了资本的形式结构化特征，最终摆脱了斯密的“商业化”理论的窠臼。必须看到，这一过程并不是通常所理解的从一般意义上的分工逻辑向资本主义社会的研究拓展，而是在马克思理解了资本主义的特殊性质之后所生成的真实的历史视域。只有在完成这一转换后，马克思才真正洞察到资本主义经济现实的“假象化”本质和古典经济学的目的论特征。

关键词: 斯密阶段, 商业化, 资本逻辑