Abstract: This paper divides independent innovation into the independent innovation of intermediate products and that of final products, and demonstrates the theoretical logic of and feasible approach for leading and creating new demands through independent innovation. It is found that due to uncertainties inherent in the innovation process and the switching cost effect, the independent innovation of final products can only create the consumption demand, but cannot drive the investment demand for upstream intermediate products. However, the independent innovation of intermediate products has positive externalities, which can not only create the investment demand for intermediate products per se, but can also lead and create new demands in the whole industrial chain. Therefore, encouraging the independent innovation of intermediate products is the key to expanding the domestic demand. As a starting point for leading and creating new demands, the independent innovation of final products can be achieved to some extent through the market, in the form of mass entrepreneurship and innovation. In contrast, the success of the independent innovation of intermediate products requires intensive government intervention and support, especially the role of stateowned enterprises. On this basis, this paper presents some policy suggestions on how to lead and create new demands through independent innovation.

Key words: independent innovation, intermediate products, final products, new demands

摘要： 本文将自主创新划分为中间产品的自主创新和最终产品的自主创新，从二者区别的角度论证了以自主创新引领和创造新需求的理论逻辑和实现路径。研究发现，创新过程和转换成本效应带来的不确定性，使得最终产品自主创新只能创造最终需求，难以拉动对上游中间产品的投资需求；而中间产品自主创新具有正外部性，不仅可以创造中间产品本身的投资需求，而且可以在全产业链引领和创造新需求。因此，鼓励中间产品自主创新是扩大内需的关键。作为引领和创造新需求的起点，最终产品自主创新可以通过鼓励大众创业和万众创新的形式，在一定程度上依靠市场的力量来实现；而中间产品自主创新的成功则需要高强度的政府干预和扶持，尤其是需要发挥国有企业的作用。在此基础上，本文给出了以自主创新引领和创造新需求的政策建议。

关键词: 自主创新, 中间产品, 最终产品, 新需求