Abstract: How to explain the systems and mechanisms that produce excellent governance performance is the key to understanding the “Chinese experience”. Based on the relationship between the Party and government and the relationship between central and local government in China's political system, this paper proposes a new theoretical framework of “multilevel core political system” to explain the “Chinese model”. China's multilevel core political system contains such attributes as noninstitutional decentralization, organization system of vertical centralization and horizontal competition, and administrative principle of asymmetric responsibility and right, forming the doublelayer governance mechanism that is combining the features of centralization and decentralization. It is possible to make dynamic adjustment according to the change of the principal contradiction of social governance. Therefore, China's system has the flexibility and advantage of “unification and division” in governance. The proposal of this theoretical framework will provide inspiration for the modernization reform of national governance system and governance capacity.

Key words: national governance, decentralization, centralization, multicenter political system, multilevel core political system

摘要： 如何解释产生优异治理绩效的体制与机制，是理解“中国经验”的关键。基于我国政治制度的党政关系与央地关系两个维度，本文提出“多层级核心政治体制”的新理论框架，来解释“中国模式”。我国多层级核心政治体制内含的所有权与使用权分离式非制度性分权、纵向集权与横向竞争的组织体系、责权利不对称的行政原理等属性，形成了在中央与地方或上级与下级之间实行“统分结合”双层治理机制。向上“统”还是向下“分”，可根据社会治理主要矛盾的变化做出动态调整，因此我国体制具有“宜统则统、宜分则分”的治理弹性与优势。

关键词: 国家治理, 分权, 中央集权, 多中心政治体制, 多层级核心政治体制