Abstract: The “turn in political economy” is of special significance to the development of Marxs lifelong thought. Marx studied law as a major in university, and devoted himself to literary creation and philosophical research. He also paid special attention to the study of history. These constitute the disciplinary background and knowledge resources of his thought origin period. However, the most important work of Marx for most of his life was the writing of Das Kapital, and he established his outstanding historical position with a profound criticism of capital. A careful examination of Marxs ideological trajectory of the “turn in political economy” that began gradually from the period of Rhine ZeitungGermanFrench Yearbook, we find that Engels played a key role in promoting this. His early observations and reflections on capital society not only provided directional enlightenment for Marx to solve the “distressed question”, but also provided basic ideas for Marx's initial research on political economy.

Key words: Engels, political economy turn, capital criticism

摘要： “政治经济学转向”对于马克思一生思想的发展具有特别重要的意义。马克思在大学期间学习的专业是法学，同时致力于文学创作和哲学研究，还特别重视历史的学习。这些构成其思想起源期的学科背景和知识资源。但是，马克思大半生最重要的工作却是《资本论》的写作，他是以深刻的资本批判而确立其卓越的历史地位的。认真审视马克思从“《莱茵报》—《德法年鉴》时期”逐步开始的“政治经济学转向”的思想轨迹，我们发现，恩格斯在其中起了很关键的促进作用：他早期对资本社会的观察和思考既为马克思解决“苦恼的疑问”提供了方向性启示，也为马克思最初的政治经济学研究提供了基本思路。

关键词: 恩格斯, 政治经济学转向, 资本批判