Abstract:

The criticism made by Karl Marx in the German Ideology towards the German idealist historical vies is an vital expansion of dialectical materialism into social aspects，which signifies a deliberate exploration on basic conceptions of historical materialism.In this process，Marx not only redefines the conception of history via restoring history as a dialectical movement depending on material life and productive relations，but also tries to discuss the inner logics of historical development，which finally leads to the reinvention of the conception of liberation，as well as acknowledges historical materialism as the basic principle and theoretical premise of revolutionary practice.

Key words: the German Ideology , historical materialism , historical relations , liberation

摘要：

马克思和恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》中对德国唯心主义历史观的总体问题的批判，是马克思的辩证唯物主义在社会历史层面的重要延伸，也是马克思对历史唯物主义基本概念的较为成熟的探索。在唯物主义和辩证法的前提下，马克思重新定义了长期以来被宗教、哲学等意识形态所把持的历史的概念。通过将历史的概念还原为个体的物质生活和劳动，马克思在现实的基础上探索了历史发展的内在逻辑，第一次将历史发展理解为由物质生产关系所决定的辩证运动。马克思最终将作为实证科学的历史唯物主义成为指导革命实践的基本原则和理论前提，从而重新定义了人的解放。

关键词: 德意志意识形态 , 历史唯物主义 , 历史关系 , 解放