Abstract: To defend the theory of communism from being interpreted wrongly，some scholars propose that Karl Marx's concept of communism be defined as a regulatory one in the Kantian sense.After a close inquiry，the author of this essay has come to believe that this will unavoidably lead to the following consequences: 1) It will nullify Marxist philosophy's fundamental purpose of exploring social reality as a whole;2) it will cover up Marx's and Kant's different understandings of “man as a limited being”; and 3) it will eliminate the difference between the concept of communism and the regulatory nature of Kan'ts idea in terms of the implications of transcendentality.Hence the inadvisability to confuse Marxs concept with Kan'ts notion.

Key words: communism , regulatory notion , existence , limited nature , freedom

摘要： 为抵御共产主义理念所遭遇实证化的阐释误区，有学者提出应将马克思的共产主义观念定位于康德意义上的调节性理念。本文经过考察后认为，这一做法不可避免会导致如下“后果”：首先会消解掉马克思哲学探索社会现实总体这一根本主旨；其次会掩盖了马克思与康德对“人作为有限存在者”的理解差异；最后则抹煞了共产主义观念与康德调节性理念在“超越性（理想）”意涵上的不同。因此，马克思的共产主义观念并不能看作是康德意义上的调节性理念。

关键词: 共产主义 , 调节性理念 , 存在 , 有限性 , 自由