关键词: 马克思, 维特根斯坦, 现代性, 社会文化观

Abstract: Although Karl Marx and Ludwig Wittgenstein both lived in the same age of modernity, they, in view of the differences in problem focus and degree of development of the times, had quite different attitudes toward a series of social and cultural issues, and had profound but different implications for future generations. Based on the theoretical need to develop a practical materialism and the serious social horizontal conflicts in the early stage of modernity, Marx attached great importance to the decisive role of social existence on cultural concepts, emphasized the profound influence of science and technology on social production and culture, and held a comparatively radical attitude towards the evolution of cultural forms. However, in the face of the historical task of defending the independence of language and culture and the historical vertical conflicts of different cultural forms in the midterm of modernity, Wittgenstein paid more attention to the description of spiritual life, objected to the erosion of science and technology into social values, and adhered to a comparatively conservative attitude toward the existence and continuation of culture. Therefore, we need to analyze the similar but differentiated positions and solutions of Marx and Wittgenstein against the background of modernity, and explore the complementary role and positive significance of their original ideas in solving the cultural problems of our times. 

Key words: Karl Marx, Ludwig Wittgenstein, modernity, view of social culture