关键词: 自由 , 政治解放 , 市民社会批判 , 社会解放

Abstract: Marx s focus on the issue of human freedom has been constantly changing, from political state to the dual structure of civil society and state, and then to the critique of civil society and political liberationBy the indepth thinking of the inner tensions between the alienation fo modern civil society and human freedom, Marx finally has found a real way to realize human freedomHere, in Marx, first of all, freedom is understood as a unity of the whole, it not only contains individual freedom, but also includes the freedom of others in the positive relationship between the individual and others, thus,freedom is no longer limited within the narrow scope of the individual, it must realize itself integrately in the relationship with othersMoreover, freedom is the universal freedom, freedom as universality is the unity of formal freedom and substantive freedom, and it not only defines the freedom and rights of each individual from the formal level, but also emphasizes the universal realization of these freedoms and rights from the substantive level  

Key words: freedom , political liberation , critique of civil society , social liberation