关键词: 非物质劳动, 共同性, 诸众, 资本剥削, 马克思, 奈格里和哈特

Abstract: Negri and Hardt question and criticize Marx's theory of exploitation based on material production, based on the transformation of the labor paradigm from material labor to “immaterial labor” or “biopolitical production” in the postindustrial era. They believe that, on the one hand, the object of capital exploitation is no longer surplus value, but the socalled “common”; on the other hand, the subject of capital exploitation is no longer the working class, but the socalled “multitude”. As for the former, although they discuss the new changes and characteristics of capital exploitation under the conditions of emerging digital technology, they confuse not only the “deprivation” of natural resources and public property in primitive accumulation with the “exploitation” of hired workers by capitalists, but also the onedimensional determination of the value of commodities (such as urban buildings) at the essential level with the multidimensional determination of prices at the phenomenal level. As for the latter, since the exploitation relationship is essentially an economic and production relationship, the new changes and characteristics of capital exploitation in time and space, as discussed by them, have not formed a negation and deconstruction of Marxs theory of exploitation. The specific images of the socalled multitude, as portrayed by them, are nothing more than descriptions of the production and living conditions of the working class, and therefore have not formed a negation and deconstruction of Marxist category of the working class. Whether it is “the multitude” or “the common”, due to the unclear connotation and overly broad extension, these two are not scientific concepts that reveal essences and laws, but rather daily expressions that fall into the phenomenal descriptions.

Key words: immaterial labor, the common, the multitude, capital exploitation, Marx, Negri and Hardt