关键词: 蒲鲁东, 马克思, 贫困, 经济范畴, 无产阶级

Abstract: Facing the problem of poverty in human society, Proudhon summarizes its causes in ten aspects in The Philosophy of Poverty and attributes the root of poverty to ownership. He aims to achieve equal exchange through “constitutive value” and build an absolutely egalitarian society. However, his antipoverty theory exhibits three fundamental flaws: utilizing an idealist perspective of history to deduce human society; mechanizing Hegels dialectics into simplistic formulas of propositions, antitheses, and conjunctions; and fearing revolution and advocating reform in the realistic path out of poverty. In contrast, grounded in the principles of historical materialism, Marx examines the issue of poverty in human society from the vantage point of real economic relations. He critiques and deconstructs the economic categories in Proudhons idealism, provides a preliminary exposition of key points in political economy, and outlines the path to the emancipation of the proletariat.

Key words: Proudhon, Marx, poverty, economic categories, the proletariat