关键词: 马克思, 唯物史观, 意识形态, 思想政治教育, 信仰

Abstract: In Preface to the Critique of Political Economy in 1859, Marx concisely recalled the academic process through which he began to study political economy in order to solve the “material interests problem”, and sought to establish a new world outlook, outlined the main principles of the materialist concept of history, and indirectly put forward the basic laws that human beings generally follow in spiritual life after entering class society, especially in the ideological field. The Preface contains the solutions to such questions as “the question of anguish” (the connotation of beliefs), “the material life determines the spiritual life” (the root of the society), and “men become conscious of this conflict and fight it out” (the essence of the function), which made this masterpiece of political economy and philosophical classic known for its “insight and precision”, and also an important document of Marxist ideological and political education.

Key words: Marx, historical materialism, ideology, ideological and political education, beliefs