关键词: 土地的民生属性, 土地集体所有制, 家庭联产承包责任制, 三权分置

Abstract: From the first day of its birth, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has always adhered to the livelihood attribute of land, followed the logic of the evolution of the land system for people's livelihood, and closely focused on how to address the landrelated issues. It is to protect and promote people's interests, and continuously enhance the construction of services that are related to people's livelihood. In the context of China's specific economic and social conditions, the land system and policies have undergone four major changes in the centuryold history: granting farmers land ownership, establishing collective land ownership, implementing the household contract responsibility system, and promoting the reform of “separation of rights among the three” in rural contracted land. The centuryold land system and policy reforms show that: adhering to the Party's leadership is the fundamental political force ensuring the livelihood attribute of land; implementing the public ownership of land is the basic institutional backbone for realizing the livelihood attribute of land; insisting on promoting the continuous reform and innovation of public land ownership is the mechanism guarantee to enhance the livelihood attribute of land. The great achievements of the land system and policy reforms under the leadership of the CPC have fully proved the significant institutional advantages of the public land ownership system. The proposition that attempts to carry out China's rural land reform through a privatization approach is completely wrong.

Key words: livelihood attribute of land, collective ownership of land, household contract responsibility system, separation of powers