主管:教育部
主办:中国人民大学
ISSN 0257-2826  CN 11-1454/G4

教学与研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (8): 14-.

• 马克思主义基本理论 • 上一篇    下一篇

马克思的银行理论及其实践价值

  

  1. 中国人民大学财政金融学院
  • 出版日期:2021-08-16 发布日期:2021-07-28
  • 作者简介:王国刚,中国社会科学院学部委员,现任中国人民大学财政金融学院、中国财政与金融政策研究中心一级教授(北京 100872)。
  • 基金资助:
    本文是国家自然科学基金应急重大项目(项目号:71850009)的研究成果。

Marx's Theory of Banking and Its Practical Value

  1. School of Finance, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
  • Online:2021-08-16 Published:2021-07-28

摘要: 马克思的银行理论是马克思主义经济学的重要组成部分。马克思认为,银行体系的形成需要五个方面的经济社会条件,即生息资本向货币经营资本的转化、以商业信用为基础的信用机制得到充分发展、货币需求已充分展开、货币流通中的贮藏渠道多元展开且数额持续扩大、簿记机制有了充分拓展。他从银行信用的形成、信用货币的运行和信用货币的创造机制等三个方面系统阐发了银行体系的运行机理,既充分肯定了银行信用机制的积极作用,又指出了它在资本主义生产方式中的负面效应。在深化金融供给侧结构性改革过程中,马克思的银行理论具有重要的指导意义,具体表现在:进一步完善金融统计、弥补金融数据短板,推进商业信用发展、夯实银行信用基础,以健全支付机制为抓手、防范系统性金融风险等方面。

关键词: 马克思, 银行理论, 实践价值

Abstract: Marx's banking theory is an important part of the Marxist economics. As argued by Marx, the formation of the banking system is premised upon the following five socioeconomic conditions: the transformation of interestbearing capital to moneydealing capital, the full development of the credit mechanism based on the commercial credit, the sufficient presence of the monetary demand, the multiple deposit channels for and increasing amount of the money flow, and the adequate development of bookkeeping. Marx presented a systematic elaboration of the operation mechanism of the banking system from three perspectives: the emergence of the bank credit, the functioning of the credit money, and the creation mechanism of the credit money. Marx fully recognized the positive role of the bank credit mechanism, but also revealed its negative effects in the capitalist mode of production. Marx's banking theory is of important guiding significance for China in the process of deepening the financial supplyside structural reform. Specifically, China needs to further improve its financial statistics and make up for the inadequacy in the financial data. It is also necessary to facilitate the development of the commercial credit and consolidate the foundation of the bank credit. And China should also optimize the payment mechanism to prevent systematic financial risks.

Key words: Marx, banking theory, practical value