[1] Xiaorong, Li. Democracy and Uncivil Societies: A Critique of Civil Society Determinism [A] Fullinwider, Robert K., Ed.. Civil Society, Democracy,and Civil Renewal[C]. New York: Oxford, 1999. [2] Golub, Stephen J.. Democracy as Development: A Case for Civil Society Assistance in Asia [A] Marina Ottaway, Thomas Carothers, Ed.. Fund ing Virtue: Civil Society Aid and DemocracyPromotion[C]. Carnegie Endowment for Inter national Peace,Washington,D. C. 2000. [3] Jones, David Martin. Democratization, Civil So ciety, and Illiberal Middle Class Culture in Pacif ic Asia [J]. Comparative Politics, Vol. 30, No. 2, January 1998. [4] Ehrenberg,John. Civil Society: the Critical His tory of an Idea [M]. New York and London:New York University Press, 1999. [5] Schmitter, Philippe C.. On Civil Society and the Consolidation of Democracy: Ten General Propositions and Nine Speculations about their Relation in Asian Societies,an essay for Consoli dating for Third Democracies,转引自刘军宁.民主与民主化[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999. [6] Sullivan, William M.. Making Civil Society Work: Democracy as a Problem of Civil Cooper ation [A]. Fullinwider, Robert K., Ed.. Civil Society, Democracy, and Civil Renewal [C]. New York: Oxford, 1999. [7] Huntington, Samuel P.. After Twenty Years: The Future of the Third Wave [J]. Journal of Democracy, Volume 8, Number 4, October 1997. [8] Giner, Salvador. Civil Society and Its Future[A]. Hall,John A.,Ed.. Civil Society: Theory, History, Comparison[C]. Cambridge, USA: Poli ty Press, 1995. [9] Gellner, E.. Civil Society in Historical Context[J]. International Social Science Journal, No. 129,1991. [10] 丛日云.当代世界的民主化浪潮[M].天津:天津人民出版社,1999. [11] ①英文Civil Society有多种译法,一般港台学者译为"民间社会",顺承中国传统政治文化中"民反官"的思维习惯;大陆一些学者译为"市民社会",沿袭马克思经典著作中的称谓;有一些学者取近代文明复兴之义,译为"文明社会";也有部分学者译为"公民社会".笔者这里用作"公民社会",原因如下:(1)如此译法比较符合"Civil Society"在20世纪60、70年代复兴时所承负的使命,彰显"政治社会"中"公民"的地位以及公民在现代社会中的作用;(2)"市民"与"公民"的侧重点不同,"市民"强调经济和社会身份,而"公民"较为侧重政治角色,对于公民社会的发展与民主化进程而言,公民是主体;(3)对"Civil Society"应区别对待,近代西方一些思想家确实将"Civil Society"用作"文明社会"或"市民社会"之义,也不能用"公民社会"一以概之,而对于当代政治而言,"公民"与"社会"日显其重,"公民社会"有着较大的合理性. [12] ②如有学者曾专门对"公民社会决定论"进行过剖析与批判,见Xiaorong,Li,Democracy and Uncivil Societies:ACritique of Civil Society Determinism,Fullinwider,Robert K.,Ed.,Civil Society,Democracy,and Civil Renewal,New York,Oxford,1999,pp403-421. |