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Enlightenment Rationality and a Critical Reconstruction of the Moral Crisis of Modernity: Based on Marx's and Nietzsche's Reflections upon Modernity#br#
Fu Haiping
Teaching and Research
2021, 55 (12):
44-52.
Enlightenment rationality has facilitated the religious and political emancipation of man, and produced the prosperity of capitalismHowever, it has also led to the decline of traditional values, and trapped the society into a holistic ethical and moral crisisAs a forerunner of postmodernism, Nietzsche was sensitive to problems of the modern civilization and focused on the irrational nature of the individual manHe turned to the “spiritual revolution” to reshape the individual subjectivity to overcome the moral crisis of modernityIn contrast, from the perspective of historical materialism, Marx emphasized the nature of society as the practice of man, and profoundly expounded on selfrealization, the ideal way of being, which is inherent in practiceMarx's critique of the capitalist modernity turned to material life relationsBy institutional critique and revolutionary practice, he completely devastated the foundation of the modernity crisis, and genuinely found a practical way to overcome the spiritual crisis of modernityCompared with Nietzsche's aesthetic cultural critique, Marx's theory of modernity critique based on practical existence undoubtedly shows more practicality and transcendence of the times.
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