Since the Enlightenment, due to the supremacy of rationalism to and its unity with science and technology, instrumental (technical) rationality has developed rapidly, and has entered the arena of modernity as a heterogeneous force. This not only poses moral dilemmas of good and evil in the development and use of technology, but also raises complex ethical dilemmas in the tradeoffs of interests. In this regard, Hans Jonas explores the ethical basis of the unity of teleology and deontology, the moral basis of the unity of the right and the wrong, and the religious basis of the unity of selfdiscipline and heteronomy, which have laid the ontological foundation of discussion from technology ethics to responsibility ethics. Through holding faith in and adapting Marxism, the practice of responsibility ethics is further defined. However, due to the plural structure of the ontological basis of the ethics of responsibility and various misinterpretations of socialism, the principle of responsibility was criticized both theoretically and practically from the very beginning of its creation. However, based on the reflection on its construction and deconstruction, it provides us with a reference and guidance to deepen the research and enhance the reconstruction of Marxist view of ethics of responsibility, and to promote the reification and development of the vision of a community with a shared future for mankind in the new era in terms of responsibility.
