Abstract: Since the Enlightenment, due to the supremacy of rationalism to and its unity with science and technology, instrumental (technical) rationality has developed rapidly, and has entered the arena of modernity as a heterogeneous force. This not only poses moral dilemmas of good and evil in the development and use of technology, but also raises complex ethical dilemmas in the tradeoffs of interests. In this regard, Hans Jonas explores the ethical basis of the unity of teleology and deontology, the moral basis of the unity of the right and the wrong, and the religious basis of the unity of selfdiscipline and heteronomy, which have laid the ontological foundation of discussion from technology ethics to responsibility ethics. Through holding faith in and adapting Marxism, the practice of responsibility ethics is further defined. However, due to the plural structure of the ontological basis of the ethics of responsibility and various misinterpretations of socialism, the principle of responsibility was criticized both theoretically and practically from the very beginning of its creation. However, based on the reflection on its construction and deconstruction, it provides us with a reference and guidance to deepen the research and enhance the reconstruction of Marxist view of ethics of responsibility, and to promote the reification and development of the vision of a community with a shared future for mankind in the new era in terms of responsibility.

Key words: technology ethics, responsibility ethics, modernity, Marxism, a community of shared future for mankind

摘要： 启蒙以降，限于理性主义之于科学技术的独尊与同一而使工具（技术）理性一骑绝尘，甚至作为一种异化的力量而登上现代性的舞台。这不但造成技术研发与使用中善恶纠缠的道德难题，还引发了利义取舍中错综复杂的伦理难题。为此，约纳斯分别从目的论与义务论相统一的伦理基础、理性与情感相统一的道德基础、自律与他律相统一的宗教基础等方面展开探构，奠定了从技术伦理走向责任伦理的存在论基础，并通过对马克思主义的信仰与改造，进一步勘定其责任伦理的践行之径。然而，囿于责任伦理存在论基础的多元构造及对于社会主义的诸种误读，致使责任原理在创构之初就遭到理论与现实的双重抨击。但基于对这种建构与解构的反思，又无不为我们深化马克思主义责任伦理观的研究与创构，扬显新时代人类命运共同体思想之于责任伦理观的具化与发展，提供一种借鉴与遵循。

关键词: 技术伦理, 责任伦理, 现代性, 马克思主义, 人类命运共同体