Abstract: Ideology is the core category of ideological and political education. In advancing the critique of ideology, Marx deepens his understanding of the regularities of the ideological and political education process, revealing the ideological logic that guides real individuals. First, in terms of theoretical essence and operation, ideological and political education always uses thought to persuade thought, and the nature and connotation of the thought in question are determined by ideological and political education itself. Second, whether thought can be persuaded depends on whether the realworld interests it speaks of and defends can awaken individuals and conscious subjects, a process that requires ideological and political education to awaken interests with interests. Finally, the guiding role of ideological and political education spiritually sublimates into replacing beliefs with beliefs, and practically settles into changing history with history. All ideological and political education aims to change history; the difference lies in who changes it, whose history is changed, how it is changed, and what it is changed to. For example, proletarian ideological and political education first changed the history of indoctrination that defended the exploiting class, completed a revolution in ideological terminology, and dedicated itself to the universal liberation of humanity.

Key words: ideological and political education, guiding logic, ideology, historical materialism

摘要： 意识形态是思想政治教育的核心范畴。马克思在推进意识形态批判的过程中深化了关于思想政治教育过程的规律性认识，揭示了思想政治教育引领现实个人的意识形态逻辑：在理论要义和运行方式上，思想政治教育总是在用思想来说服思想，至于思想在这里具有何种性质与内涵则要由思想政治教育本身来判定；思想能否被说服，取决于思想所言说和辩护的现实利益关系能否召唤个体、自觉主体，这就要求思想政治教育用利益唤醒利益；最后，思想政治教育引领会在精神上升华为用信念取代信念、在实践上落脚为用历史改变历史。全部的思想政治教育都致力于改变历史，区别在于谁来改变、改变谁的历史、如何改变以及要改变成哪样，正如无产阶级思想政治教育首先改变了意识形态为剥削阶级辩护的教化历史，完成了意识形态的术语革命，致力于普遍的人的解放。

关键词: 思想政治教育, 引领逻辑, 意识形态, 唯物史观