Abstract: The deepening of the division of labor is an important driving force for the development of social productive forces and market economy. This paper, starting from Marxs view of division of labor, comprehensively explains the intrinsic connection between building a highstandard socialist market economy and developing new quality productive forces. From the divisioncollaboration relationship between market entities and the social divisionexchange relationship in the process of social reproduction, we systematically investigate the microlevel foundation and macrolevel mechanism of the highstandard socialist market economy to promote the formation of new quality productive forces, and elaborate the scientific connotation of the highstandard socialist market economy. On this basis, focusing on correctly handling the relationship between the government and the market, we expound on the series of important plans made at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) on systematically deepening the reform of systems and mechanisms and giving full play to the advantages of the highstandard socialist market economy. We believe that the new ideas, viewpoints, and plans adopted at the Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee on building a highstandard socialist market economy reflect the further deepening of the CPCs understanding of the theory of socialist market economy and the law of highquality development, which are another innovative development and creative application of the scientific theories of Marxist political economy in the new era of China.

Key words: high-standard socialist market economy, new quality productive forces, relations of production, the Chinese path to modernization

摘要： 劳动分工体系的深化是社会生产力发展和市场经济发展的重要推动力量。本文从马克思的分工范畴出发，全面阐述构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制和发展新质生产力的内在联系。从市场主体内部的分工—协作关系和社会再生产过程中的社会分工—交换关系，系统研究高水平社会主义市场经济体制促进新质生产力形成的微观基础和宏观机制，阐述高水平社会主义市场经济体制的科学内涵。在此基础上围绕正确处理政府和市场关系，阐述党的二十届三中全会关于系统集成深化体制机制改革、发挥高水平社会主义市场经济体制优势的系列重要部署。我们认为，党的二十届三中全会关于构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制的新思想、新观点、新部署体现了中国共产党对社会主义市场经济理论和高质量发展规律性认识的进一步深化，是马克思主义政治经济学科学理论在新时代中国的又一创新发展和创造性运用。

关键词: 高水平社会主义市场经济体制, 新质生产力, 生产关系, 中国式现代化