Abstract: Upholding and strengthening the overall leadership of the Party over stateowned enterprises is an important part of upholding the centralized and unified leadership of the Party over economic work. The theoretical logic behind this proposition and ways of the Party in exercising leadership over stateowned enterprises are major theoretical issues that need to be studied. According to the basic principles of Marxist political economy, capital is a production relation, and stateowned capital also reflects a production relation. From the perspective of the relationships between the state and enterprises, capital and labor, and capital and capital, exploring the theoretical logic and profound connotation of the system of the Partys leadership over stateowned enterprises under the socialist market economy will help better understand the ways of the Party in exercising leadership over stateowned enterprises and the mechanisms of embedding Party organizations in enterprises into corporate governance structure. This will also help integrate the basic principles of the Partys leadership over stateowned enterprises into the theoretical system of socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics.

Key words: state-owned enterprises, state-owned capital, the Party's leadership, production relations

摘要： 坚持和加强党对国有企业的全面领导，是坚持党对经济工作的集中统一领导的重要内容，这一命题背后蕴含的理论逻辑以及党对国有企业的领导方式是需要研究的重大理论问题。根据马克思主义政治经济学的基本原理，资本是一种生产关系，国有资本也体现着一种生产关系。从国有资本所体现的国家和企业的关系、资本和劳动的关系、资本和资本的关系的角度出发，探讨社会主义市场经济条件下党对国有企业的领导体制的理论逻辑和深刻内涵，有助于更好地理解党对国有企业的领导方式以及企业党组织内嵌公司治理结构的机制，有助于把党领导国有企业的基本原理纳入中国特色社会主义政治经济学理论体系。

关键词: 国有企业, 国有资本, 党的领导, 生产关系