Abstract: There are interactive relationships between changes in social class structure and ideological and political education. On one hand, the changes in social class structure provide a macro social background for ideological and political education, shaping the object and internal structure of ideological and political education; on the other hand, ideological and political education actively affects the changes in social class structure and plays an important role in guiding the values of different social groups. Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, the social class structure has undergone major changes. Ideological and political education has kept in alignment with and served the central tasks of the Party and the country, conformed to the trend of changes in class composition, paid attention to social ideological issues, and accumulated rich experience in the process of responding to the changes in social class structure. In the new journey of building a modern socialist country in an allround way, China has been in a critical period for the formation of an ideal social class structure. In view of the trend of differentiation in social spatial structure and under the complex situation in the field of social ideology, promoting the formation of an ideal social class structure and building ideological consensus among members of different class groups have become new tasks and challenges for ideological and political education. To this end, ideological and political education should deeply embed its functional values into the formation process of the ideal social class structure, realize extensive coverage on a categorized basis in the reshaping of the social spatial pattern, and achieve integrated innovation of the internal structure in the precise response to the evolution of social values.

Key words: social class structure, ideological and political education, historical investigation, new challenges, strategy 

摘要： 社会阶层结构变迁与思想政治教育是互动关系：一方面，社会阶层结构变迁为思想政治教育提供了宏观的社会背景，形塑思想政治教育的对象和内在结构；另一方面，思想政治教育能动作用于社会阶层结构变迁，对不同社会群体的价值引领发挥重要作用。新中国成立以来，我国社会阶层结构发生了重大变迁，思想政治教育服从服务于党和国家中心工作，顺应阶层构成变化趋势，关注社会意识形态问题，在应对社会阶层结构变迁的过程中积累了丰富经验。在全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程中，推动形成理想社会阶层结构处于关键时期，社会空间结构呈现分化趋势，社会意识形态领域态势复杂，促进形成理想社会阶层结构、凝聚不同阶层群体成员的价值共识成为思想政治教育的新任务新挑战。为此，思想政治教育要将自身功能价值深度嵌入理想社会阶层结构的形成过程，在社会空间格局重塑中实现广泛覆盖与分类施策，在精准回应社会价值观念嬗变中实现内在结构的集成创新。

关键词: 社会阶层结构, 思想政治教育, 历史考察, 新挑战, 策略