Abstract: Without the clarification of the need categories, there is no foundation for the need theory. The definition and analysis of the categories of need must be combined with Marxs distinction between need and desire, longing, greed, and demand, among others, and examined and classified among differing cases of being verbs and nouns; therefore, we can better understand and reflect on the true meaning and misconception of need based on the view of Marx. From the perspective of Marxs distinction and use of needs under two parts of speech, whether it is expressed as “necessarily need” in the verb sense, “should still be needed” based on “necessarily need”, or as a noun in the sense of “concrete noun of need” and “abstract noun of need”, the concept of need shows a certain problem awareness, internal logic and specific theoretical value in deepening the understanding of historical materialism and revealing the need for alienation under the logic of capital and auxiliary arguments for communist revolution. The philosophical clarification of need categories in Marx has significant theoretical and practical value, not only for reflecting on the “false needs” of consumerism, the “materialized needs” of materialism, the “onesided needs” of onedimensional people, the “accelerated needs” of accelerating society, and the “infinite needs” of ecologism, but also for meeting the needs of people for a better life in the new era.

Key words: Marx, need, desire, longing, greed, demand

摘要： 没有需要范畴的澄明，就没有需要理论的奠基。对需要范畴的界定和辨析，要结合马克思对需要与欲望、想要、贪婪、需求等范畴的区分使用，在作为动词和作为名词的语境下区别考察、分类理解，这样才能更好地站在马克思的立场上反思需要的本真意蕴和需要的错误观念。从马克思对两种不同词性下需要的区分使用来看，无论是在动词意义上表现为“必要的需要”、基于“必要的需要”基础上的“还应需要”，还是作为名词意义上表现为“需要的具体名词”和“需要的抽象名词”，其在深化唯物史观理解、揭示资本逻辑下异化需要和共产主义革命的辅助性论证上，都表现出了一定的问题意识、内在逻辑和特定理论价值。马克思需要范畴的哲学澄明，不仅对反思后工业社会的消费主义的“虚假需要”、物质主义的“物化需要”、单向度人的“片面需要”、加速社会的“加速需要”、生态主义的“无限度需要”等问题，而且对新时代人民美好生活需要的满足具有重要理论和实践价值。

关键词: 马克思, 需要, 欲望, 想要, 贪婪, 需求