Abstract: “Modernity” is one of the theoretical perspectives of and core issues studied by Western Marxism. The Western Marxist theory of modernity provides answers with certain reasonable elements to major issues such as how to deal with modernity and modernization, how to avoid the negative effects of modernization, and how to sublate the alienation and realize the free and allround development of human beings, which have enlightening significance for promoting the Chinese path to modernization. First, the Western Marxist theory of modernity realistically and dialectically launches a critique of modernity, demonstrates a rational attitude towards modernization and its characteristics, and confirms the inevitability of the pursuit of modernity and the rationality and possibility of multiple paths to modernization, which provide profound enlightenment for scientific understanding of modernization and modernity. Second, it criticizes the negative effects of Western modernization and its characteristics in multiple dimensions, exposes the problems that may be encountered in the process of modernization, and provides theoretical reference for the latedeveloping countries to deeply understand contemporary capitalism, correctly handle the contradictions in the process of modernization, and avoid running into the dilemma of modernity from the root. Third, focusing on the living conditions of modern people, advocating the promotion of human subjectivity, and pursuing the free and allround development of humans highlight the humanistic stance of modernization and prove that the essence of modernization is the modernization of the population, which have important implications for correctly understanding the relationship between humans and modernization and promoting the modernization that adheres to the peoplecentered principle.

Key words: Western Marxism, modernity, modernization, the Chinese path to modernization

摘要： “现代性”是西方马克思主义的理论视阈与核心议题之一。西方马克思主义现代性理论在如何对待现代性和现代化、如何规避现代化负面效应、如何扬弃异化实现人的自由全面发展等重大问题上蕴含着诸多合理元素，对推进中国式现代化具有启示意义：其一，西方马克思主义现代性理论现实地、辩证地展开现代性批判，彰显了对待现代化及其特性的合理态度，确证了追求现代性的必然性和多元现代化路径的合理性、可能性，对于科学认识现代化及现代性具有深刻启迪；其二，多维度地批判了西方现代化及其特性的负面效应，揭露了现代化过程中可能遇到的甚至难以避免的难题，为后发现代化国家深入认识当代资本主义，正确处理现代化过程中的矛盾关系，并从根源上规避现代性困境提供理论镜鉴；其三，关注现代人的生存境遇、主张弘扬人的主体性、追求人的解放和自由全面发展，凸显了现代化的人本立场，对于正确认识人与现代化的关系、推进以人民为中心的现代化具有重要启示。

关键词:  , 西方马克思主义, 现代性, 现代化, 中国式现代化