Abstract: From the perspective of political economy, agricultural products are both basic materials necessary for human society and commodities in circulation, thus becoming a carrier for commercial and financial capital to seek profits. Ensuring the supply of agricultural products has two implications. First, it means that the total supply of agricultural products should match the total demand for agricultural food. Second, major systemic risks along the supply chain of agricultural products should be prevented. The use of inputs and the choice of technologies by agricultural production units, the basic conditions of agricultural production, and the organization and institution of the agricultural economy are pivotal factors that affect the supply capacity of agricultural products. The agricultural commodity market and supply chain that are deeply coupled with the international financial and monetary system are important factors affecting the supply capacity of agricultural products. In the new stage of development, China should properly respond to both the challenges of changes in agricultural food demand and increased risks in the supply chain of international agricultural products. 

摘要： 政治经济学视角下的农产品既是人类社会必要的基础性物质资料，又是流通领域的大宗商品从而成为商业与金融资本谋求利润实现的一种载体。农产品供给保障具有双重意涵，一是促进农产品总供给与社会农食总需求相匹配，二是防范化解围绕农产品供应链而形成的系统性风险。农业生产单位的要素利用和技术选择、农业生产的基础条件，以及农业经济的组织与制度，对提高农产品供给能力起关键作用。与国际货币金融体系相耦合的农产品市场及供应链，是影响农产品供给安全的重要因素。在新发展阶段，中国农产品供给保障需要妥善应对农食需求变动和国际农产品供应链风险加剧这双重挑战。