Abstract: The concept of “the force of abstraction” in Marx's analysis of economic forms is built on the basis of critical inheritance and revolutionary transcendence of the force of formal abstraction from Smith and the force of speculative abstraction from Hegel. Smith is committed to raising abstract concepts to rational concreteness with diversity and unity. However, due to the lack of intermediary links, he explores the internal relations of things metaphysically, which leads to the confusion between shallow induction and indepth abstraction and the duality of research methods. Hegel's conception transcends the intuition of and empirical evidence provided by classical political economists, and sublimates the fixed and rigid content into comprehensive and developing concreteness, thereby realizing the great leap of “the force of abstraction”. However, Hegel confuses rational concreteness with realistic concreteness, and his speculative approach to abstraction and Smith's formal approach to abstraction eventually become the “accomplice” of metaphysics. Based on the real productive forces and production relations, Marx follows the complete logical path of abstraction, breaking its “connection” to and “entanglement” with metaphysics and completing the scientific and revolutionary transformation of the force of abstraction. It not only realizes the critique of political economy, but also deepens the theoretical logic of materialistic dialectics and epistemology.

Key words: the force of abstraction, Adam Smith, Georg Hegel, Karl Marx, dialectics

摘要： 马克思分析经济形式的“抽象力”是在对斯密的形式抽象力、黑格尔的思辨抽象力批判性继承与革命性超越基础上构建起来的。斯密致力于把抽象概念上升为多样性统一的理性具体，但因缺少中介环节，形而上学地探索事物的内部联系，造成了表层归纳与深层抽象的混淆和研究方法的二重性。黑格尔超越了古典政治经济学家的直观与实证，把固定的、僵死的内容升华为综合的、发展的具体，实现了“抽象力”的伟大跃迁。但是，黑格尔混淆了理性具体与现实具体，他的思辨抽象力与斯密的形式抽象力最终沦为形而上学的“同谋”。马克思则立足于现实的生产力与生产关系，确证了抽象力的完整逻辑路径，终结了它与形而上学的“勾连”与“纠缠”，完成了抽象力科学性、革命性变革，不仅实现了“政治经济学批判”，而且深化了唯物主义辩证法及认识论的理论逻辑。

关键词: 抽象力, 斯密, 黑格尔, 马克思, 辩证法