Abstract: “Skills”, “doctrines” and “studies” are important dimensions for understanding the existence and development forms of ideological and political education. “Skills” embody the dimension of the practical application and methodology of ideological and political education, which have experienced the evolution from being “perceptual” to “rational” to being “methodological”. “Doctrines” refer to the dimension of the law and direction of ideological and political education, which have three connotations of “reason”, “road” and “morality”. “Studies” reflect the dimension of the knowledge body, i.e. the scientification of the discipline of ideological and political education, which have meanings of “research”, “discipline” and “science”. From “skills” through “doctrines” to “studies”, the evolution reflects the historical process of the development of ideological and political education from experience to a theory to a discipline, and demonstrates the development process of the cognitive mode of ideological and political education from a thinking pattern that focuses on skills to rational thinking and then to scientific thinking. At the same time, there are crossintegration and interactive relationships between the three, forming an internally unified whole.

Key words: ideological and political education, skills, doctrines, studies

摘要： “术”“道”“学”是认识和理解思想政治教育存在与发展形态的重要维度。“术”体现着思想政治教育实践应用与方法论之维，它经历了从“感性之术”到“理性之术”再到“作为方法论之术”的演进与发展过程。“道”体现着思想政治教育规律依循与方向性之维，它具有“道理”“道路”“道德”三个方面的内涵。“学”体现着思想政治教育学科知识与科学化之维，它具有“学术”“学科”“科学”三重含义。从“术”经由“道”再到“学”，体现了思想政治教育的存在方式从经验形态到理论形态再到学科形态发展的历史进程，反映了对思想政治教育的认知方式从工具思维到理性思维再到科学思维的发展过程。与此同时，三者之间又存在着交叉融合、相互作用的关系，构成一个内在统一的整体。

关键词: 思想政治教育, 术, 道, 学