Abstract: The socialist system of China is an institutional system based on China's polity and featuring a hierarchical structure. “Concentrating resources to accomplish large undertakings” is a concise summarization of advantages of the socialist system, and represents the basic substance and explicit feature of the nationwide mobilization system. Fundamentally, the socialist institutional system and the nationwide mobilization system are closely related to the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which adhere to the CPC leadership and put people at the center. A comparison of the political institutions and political party institutions in China and abroad reveals that the fundamental political guarantee for institutional advantages of the Chinese institutions lies in the CPC's leadership and crucial role in commanding the overall situation and coordinating efforts of all aspects. The leading role of the CPC, which is closely connected with the new political party institutions, rests upon the sound and rigorous political party organization system and the capacity of grassroots CPC organizations. What is crucial to the translation of China's institutional advantage into its governance effectiveness is the effective application of democratic centralism and the mass line. Democratic centralism, as the organizational principle for both the party and state agencies, enables the party and state systems to be isomorphic, compatible, and adaptive, and gives rise to a strong synergy. And the mass line can help pool the wisdom and efforts of the people and improve policy implementation.

Key words: institutional advantage, nationwide mobilization system, political guarantee, organizational guarantee, actualization mechanism, value orientation

摘要： 我国社会主义制度是建立在国体基础之上、具有内在层级结构的制度体系，“集中力量办大事”是社会主义制度优势的简明概括、也是我国举国体制的基本要义与鲜明特征。从根本上看，我国社会主义制度体系、“举国体制”与党的领导紧密相关，是坚持党的领导、以人民为中心的制度体系与举国体制。从中外政治制度与政党制度比较看，我国举国体制与制度能够形成与发挥制度优势的根本政治保障，就是党的领导与“总揽全局、协调各方”的领导核心作用，其中，党的领导核心地位与新型政党制度密切相关，党的领导力依托于健全而严密的政党组织体系与基层党组织的组织力。我国制度优势之所以能够有效转化为治理效能的实践机制，关键在于民主集中制与群众路线的有效运用，其中，民主集中制既作为党与国家机构共同的组织原则，使得党内制度体系与国家制度体系具有同构性、协调性、调适性与强大制度合力，群众路线则有助于群策群力、提高政策执行力。

关键词: 制度优势, 举国体制, 政治保障, 组织保障, 实现机制, 价值归依