Abstract: ThompsonandAndersonaretherepresentativesofthefirstandsecondgenerationsofthe
BritishNewLeft,respectively.Thetheoreticaldebatebetweenthemisoneoftheimportanttopicsin
thestudyofMarxismabroad.ThompsonreferredtoAnderson..smethodologyaseconomicreductionismandhistoricalmonism.
AndersonbelievesthatThompson..sinabilitytograspthesocialpartfrom
thesocietyasawholecanbeattributedtothelimitationsofempiricalmethodology.Inthesecondtheoreticaldebate,
Thompson believed thatthe second generation of British New Leftists used
Althusser..sstructuralismastheirmethodology,andtheycouldonlyobtainabstracttheoriesrather
thanhistoricalfactsinthestudyofBritishhistory.Andersonrespondedto Thompson..scritique
aroundthethree keyissuesofhistory,and absorbedthe objectiveexperienceemphasized by
Thompsonasalogicallinkintheculturalhegemonymethod.Thefirstcontroversyformedatit-for-tat
situation.ThereasonwasthatthesituationofthesocialistmovementinBritainandeveninEurope
wasveryfavorableatthattime,andthemethodologythatlaidthefoundationforthedifferenceof
linesbecameafundamentalproblem.Thesecondcontroversywasinthehistoricalcontextofthebleak
prospectsfortherevolutionafter1979.Toseekanew methodologyforthesocialistmovementandto
integratethetheoreticaldifferenceswithintheNewLeftbecametheonlyreasonablechoice.

Key words: BritishNewLeft, Thompson, Anderson, methodology, historicalcontext

摘要： 汤普森与安德森分别是第一代与第二代英国新左派的代表人物,他们之间的理论论争是国外马克思主义研究的重要课题之一。汤普森将安德森的方法论指认为经济还原论与历史一元论。安德森则认为,汤普森不能从社会总体把握社会部分,可以归因于经验主义方法论的局限。在第二次理论论争中,汤普森认为,英国第二代新左派以阿尔都塞结构主义为方法论,在研究英国历史中只能得到抽象理论而非历史事实。安德森围绕历史学三个关键问题,对汤普森的批判进行回应,把汤普森所强调的客观经验吸纳为文化霸权方法的一个逻辑环节。第一次论争形成了针锋相对的态势,其原因在于彼时英国乃至欧洲的社会主义运动形势非常有利,为路线差别奠定基础的方法论就成为了根本问题。第二次争论处于1979年以后革命前景并不乐观的历史语境中,为社会主义运动寻求新的方法论,整合新左派内部的理论分歧就成为唯一合理的选择。

关键词: 英国新左派, 汤普森, 安德森, 方法论, 历史语境