Abstract: The postCold War period witnessed an explosion of ethnic conflicts involving recurrent largescale intragroup confrontation within states over political recognition and political power. Even developed societies with the most durable solidarity faced the same challenges. This trend reflects a longterm predicament embedded in the very concept of modernity: how can highly diverse ethnic groups coexist in a positive and productive way under the framework of modern nationstate? How does universality and plurality reconcile in a single policy? To address these two questions, this project firstly scrutinizes the “imported diversity”and its profoundimpacts on identity politics using Britain, France and Australia as cases. The second part reviews the Jewish problem in modern history to reveal the crux of ethnic politics. On the basis of the historical review, the author looks into a paradox of nation building. The conclusion examines the new difficulties of forming and sustaining a stable selfidentityin the global era.

Key words: nationstate , nation building , diversity , complex identification

摘要： 冷战结束后，全球范围内的族群矛盾长期呈现上升趋势。近年来，在“输入的多样性”的冲击和压力之下，即便政治结构稳定的发达国家也难以在族群问题上置身事外。由于上述压力的普遍存在，世界政治研究迫切需要寻求理论层面的整体性解释，而不仅仅是在经验层面针对不同案例的逐一论述。多样性问题所激发的矛盾反映了现代性长期以来一直面对的困惑：异质的族群能否在民族国家的政治框架下以积极的方式共存？如何能在一个政策中同时实现“普世”和“多元”？对这两个问题的理论探讨是积极应对多样性压力的基本政治前提。通过回顾“犹太人问题”和分析民族建构的悖论，本文作者认为，输入的多样性给现代民族国家秩序提出的挑战是根本性的，要通过稳定的制度框架来应对这种挑战，就要求与民族建构相关的政治实践重新定义“本土性”与“独特性”之间的关系，避免“民族特征”的具象化，增进以“多重认同”和平等公民权为基础的政治团结。

关键词: 民族国家 , 民族建构 , 多样性 , 多重认同