Abstract: Materialist View of History was an important theory when Marx studied human history, but it formed in the view from bourgeois society back to general human society. As a result, it couldnt explain prehistorical society concretely, which directed Marxs work in his middle and late study times. In further study, Marx focused on commune by referring to cultural Anthropologists and explained three key problems, ie. the existence of public ownership in reality, the transforming from public ownership to private ownership, the structure of public ownership society. In case of the above facts, Marx constructed the Anthropic View of History which explained prehistorical society specially and developed Materialist View of History.

Key words: Materialist View of History , Anthropic View of History , prehistorical society , commune

摘要： “唯物史观”是马克思解释人类历史的重要理论，但是它形成于马克思从资产阶级社会向后思索一般人类社会的研究时期，因而无法具体说明史前社会的情况，这一难题构成马克思中后期历史研究的主攻方向。在进一步研究过程中，马克思以公社为切入点，通过借鉴文化人类学的研究成果，具体说明了公有制的历史存在、公有制向私有制的历史转变和公有制社会的内部结构三个关键问题，建构了“人类史观”这一理解史前社会的理论结构，从而实现了对“唯物史观”的发展。

关键词: 唯物史观 , 人类史观 , 史前社会 , 公社