Abstract: Marx and Engels'criticism of “Ji JinGen”by La Salle marked a turning point in the literature in theoretical development of tragedy. They inherited and developed existing tragedy theories in a critical way, raising the idea of “modern tragedy”and proposing historical and aesthetic requirements for this type of tragedy. They claimed that there was no such thing as theoretical tragedy. The tragedy occurring in the real world situation was caused by social historical contradiction and conflicts. Therefore, social and historical changes were the true source and true contents of tragedy. The inner maxim for judging tragedy was whether historical changes agreed with the law of social historical development, or, if they agreed with historical rationality. Meanwhile, Marx and Engels proposed the aesthetic requirement for realistic plays and other literary works. That is, tragedy or works of literature should follow the principles of integrating historical truth and artistic truth, and integrating historical rationality and aesthetic rationality.

Key words: modern tragedy , historical materialism , historical rationality , historical truth , artistic truth

摘要： 马克思恩格斯对拉萨尔剧作《济金根》的批评，成为悲剧思想发展史上的转折性文献。在这些文献中，马克思恩格斯批判性地继承和发展了既有悲剧理论，提出了“现代悲剧”观念，并阐发这一悲剧类型的历史的和美学的要求。他们指出并不存在所谓理念论的悲剧，只有社会历史的矛盾和冲突导致现实悲剧；社会历史的变动才是悲剧的真正根源和悲剧艺术的真正内容；历史变动是否合乎社会历史发展的规律或者说是否合乎历史理性，才是判断历史变动是否构成悲剧的内在准则。他们在批判理念论的悲剧观的同时，还提出了现实主义剧作和文学作品的美学要求，即悲剧或文学作品要做到历史真实和艺术真实、历史理性和美学要求的有机融合。

关键词: 现代悲剧 , 历史唯物主义 , 历史理性 , 历史真实 , 艺术真实