Abstract: The paper presents three completely new ways of understanding Marx’s methodological ideas.(1) Understanding anatomy of the monkey by referring to anatomy of human beings.This method is scientific but with the limitation of the priori one-sidedness.This defect is impossible to correct until human anatomy has reached the stage of self-criticism.The theoretical support of this method is expressed by the priori narrative structure of specific thought.(2) There exist two ways of understanding the civil society,the idea of entity and the idea of relations.Marx’s perspective of social relations may enable us to handle the nature of civil society construction in contemporary China more appropriately.(3) The practical emphasis of transending cube gorge of Kraft is whether we may take possession of all the positive achievements of capitalism.The author points out that the successful reform in China stands as a comprehensive understanding and implementation of this proposition.

Key words: Marxsim philosophy, apriority, civil society, transend cube gorge of Kraft, China reform

摘要： 本文对马克思几个方法论思想进行全新理解:(1)从"人体解剖"理解"猴体解剖",该方法有科学性,也有先验的片面性,其纠正有赖"人体解剖"进入"自我批判"阶段时才可能;而"思想具体"的先验叙述结构是其理论表现形式。(2)对"市民社会"的理解有"实体说"与"关系说"之别,从马克思的社会关系视角能更好地把握当代中国市民社会建设的本质。(3)"跨越卡夫丁峡谷"的实践重心是能否"占有资本主义制度所创造的一切积极的成果",中国改革的成功是对这一命题的全面理解和实践。

关键词: 马克思主义哲学, 先验性, 市民社会, 跨越卡夫丁峡谷, 中国改革