Abstract: Civil society, with its long history, is a concept that embodied in the whole process of Habermas’s academic development. His early theory attempted to explore the historical progress of the public sphere, and thus strongly criticized the reality of capitalism. Later, with the analysis of "colonization of the life world" resulting from introduction of the model of system and the life world along with the intrusion of the system, Habermas discussed reconstruction of life world in the later stage of capitalist society by referring to theories of communicative action in general pragmatics. It is based on all this that he built up his ideal of radical democratic politics characterized by discourse democracy. However, Habermas’s theory of civil society is not without faults, which negatively affected its practical validity.

Key words: civil society, public sphere, system, the life world, radical democracy

摘要： 市民社会有着悠久的传统,同时也是贯穿哈贝马斯学术思想发展始终的一个概念。他的前期市民社会理论主要探讨了公共领域发展演变的历史进程,并据此展开对资本主义现实的猛烈批判。后期理论中,随着系统与生活世界范式引入和对系统入侵导致“生活世界殖民化”的分析,哈贝马斯通过普遍语用学建构的交往行动理论论述了晚期资本主义生活世界的重建,并以此为基础构筑了他的话语民主式的激进民主政治理想。然而,他的市民社会理论也存在着许多问题,影响它的现实效度。

关键词: 市民社会, 公共领域, 系统, 生活世界, 激进民主