Abstract: Agricultural and rural modernization is pivotal to the overall success and quality of Chinese modernization. Against the backdrop of a new round of technological revolution, new quality productive forces, represented by Artificial Intelligence (AI), provide a crucial lever for accelerating this process. Grounded in the broad vision of Chinese modernization and transcending the purely technical lens of instrumental rationality, this paper follows the research framework of “opportunitieschallengespathways” to systematically explore the intrinsic logic of AI empowering agricultural and rural modernization. We find that the Chinese path to modernization creates multidimensional strategic opportunities for AI empowerment in this field, with concrete practices manifested in agricultural production, rural governance, and farmers livelihoods. However, this process also faces potential challenges, including technological alienation, ecological imbalance, cultural disruption, and the disorderly expansion of capital. Therefore, it is essential to adhere to a peoplecentered approach, safeguard the ecological bottom line, promote cultural heritage, and strengthen institutional guidance to explore a path of AIempowered agricultural and rural modernization with Chinese characteristics.

Key words: artificial intelligence, agricultural and rural modernization, the Chinese path to modernization, new quality productive forces

摘要： 农业农村现代化关系中国式现代化全局和成色。在新一轮科技革命背景下，以人工智能为代表的新质生产力为加快农业农村现代化提供了关键抓手。本文立足中国式现代化的宏大视域，超越单纯工具理性的技术视角，遵循“机遇—挑战—出路”的研究理路，系统探讨了人工智能赋能农业农村现代化的内在逻辑。研究发现,中国式现代化为人工智能赋能农业农村现代化创造了多维度的战略机遇,具体实践体现在农业生产、农村治理、农民生活等方面。与此同时，这一进程也面临着技术异化、生态失衡、文化冲击及资本无序扩张等潜在挑战。为此，必须坚持以人民为主体、坚守生态底线、推动文化传承并强化制度引导，探索出一条符合中国特色的人工智能赋能农业农村现代化的道路。

关键词: 人工智能, 农业农村现代化, 中国式现代化, 新质生产力